“ TOEFL – grammar structure “

Test of English as a Foreign Language disingkat TOEFL adalah ujian kemampuan berbahasa Inggris (logat Amerika) yang diperlukan untuk mendaftar masuk ke kolese (college) atau universitas di Amerika Serikat atau negara-negara lain di dunia. Ujian ini sangat diperlukan bagi pendaftar atau pembicara yang bahasa ibunya bukan bahasa Inggris. Ujian TOEFL ini diselenggarakan oleh kantor ETS (Educational Testing Service) di Amerika Serikat untuk semua peserta tes di seluruh dunia.

Jenis tes bahasa Inggris TOEFL ini pada umumnya diperlukan untuk persyaratan masuk kuliah pada hampir semua universitas di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada baik untuk program undergraduate (S-1) maupun graduate (S-2 atau S-3).

 Hasil tes TOEFL ini juga dipakai sebagai bahan pertimbangan mengenai kemampuan bahasa Inggris dari calon mahasiswa yang mendaftar ke universitas di negara lain, termasuk universitas di Eropa dan Australia. Secara umum, tes TOEFL lebih berorientasi kepada American English, dan sedikit berbeda dengan jenis tes IELTS yang berorientasi kepada British English. Tidak seperti tes IELTS, tes TOEFL ini pada umumnya tidak mempunyai bagian individual interview test.
Biasanya tes ini memakan waktu sekitar tiga jam dan diselenggarakan dalam 4 bagian, yaitu bagian:
• listening comprehension,
• grammar structure and written expression,
• reading comprehension, dan bagian
• writing.
Ada beberapa hal yang dapat Anda lakukan untuk mempersiapkan Struktur TOEFL.

1. Memahami Struktur Kalimat Dasar.
2. Memahami Konjungsi dan Kata Menghubungkan, Koordinator, dan Subordinators.
3. Memahami Subyek-Verb Agreement dan Voice Pasif.
4. Memahami Mengurangi Klausul Relatif dan Mengurangi Klausul adverbial.
5. Memahami Frase partisip dan Frase Pengantar.
6. Memahami Parellelism dan inversi.
7. Memahami Klausul Noun dan Pertanyaan Embedded.
8. Memahami Laporan sisipan, gerund, dan infinitif.
9. Memahami pasif statif dan preposisi. 

  Contoh test structure grammer pada TOEFL:

From the marked areas A, B, C and D, identify the one that is wrong, correct it.
1.         (A) Their most favorite hotel is the Hotel Regent.

(B) It is near the beach and

(C) is a very cozy hotel. It is

(D) not too expensive, too.

2. I like

(A) these kind

 (B) of hotels too. I don’t

 (C) go for the big, noisy and

 (D) expensive sort.

3. The Amelia Hotel   

(A) is good as the Radan Hotel,

(B) in fact. Actually, I

(C) would rather go to the Amelia.

(D) It’s closer to the town.

4.         (A) He prefers the

 (B) Radan Hotel because

(C) he feels the service

 (D) is more better.

5. The Weather Bureau

 (A) is announced that the rain

(B) will continue for

(C) another 36 hours. People

(D) are advised to stay indoors.

6. Visibility

(A) on the roads

(B) are very poor. Thus, drivers are advised

(C) to be careful, especially when

 (D) driving at night.

7. She wa

 (A) kind enough

 (B) to give me

 (C) a lot of advices

 (D) about how to pass the driving test.

8.         (A) I told him, “

(B) I have not

 (C) been told

 (D) these news”

9.         (A) The man was hung as punishment

(B) for murdering

 (C) his five children

 (D) and his wife.

10.       (A) I made him

(B) to confess that

            (C) he copied your answer

(D) during the test.

Answers 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B

• Error identification – Extra practice exercises. Decide which part of the sentence is grammatically incorrect. Then look at the answers below.

I enjoyed study geography at school and now I’ve enrolled at the Economics Faculty.
I used to be keen of all scientific subjects but now I would prefer to study art.
I want meet your sister when she comes to see you – she sounds very nice.
My friends tell the English exam is quite difficult but I’m not worried.
The tickets, which are extremely good value, can be buy from large supermarkets.
The number of people which asked for the discount was low but grew during the summer period.
He wanted always to be a doctor and after doing medicine he now works in a hospital.
The informations they gave us was not very helpful so I consulted the website instead.
There isn’t many time, do you think we should get a taxi to the exhibition centre?
He graduated in languages in June and is now thinking of do a second degree in psychology.
The policeman showed us an identikit picture of the man who steal the car.
How long does it take to get the station on foot from your house
I was so angry that I took the watch broken to the jewellers to get my money back.
He rang me this morning for tell me that he had passed his driving test.
I won’t be able to go on holiday this year unless I will get a part-time job.
It was so nice day that they decided to have a picnic in the field.
I haven’t never seen anybody who rides a horse so well before.
My boyfriend always takes me to see horror films, but I don’t like very much.
We went to Guatemala last year so we were tired of the usual beach holiday.
I’ve gone to Marbella. I remember it well. A busy town with a nice modern promenade and picturesque ‘piazze’.

• ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS

I enjoyed studying (‘enjoy’ + ing)
keen on (keen + on = essere appassionato di)
want to (‘want’+ to + verb)
tell me (‘tell’ + person (me/you/him/her etc); nb. ‘say’non è seguito dalla persona)
can be bought (to be + past participle = passive)
who (relative pronoun ‘who’ = people)
always wanted (frequency adverb goes before the main verb)
the informations (information = uncountable noun)
much time (‘much’ with uncountable nouns, ‘many’ with countable nouns)
doing (‘ing’after a preposition)
stole (past tense of steal = steal stole stolen)
get to (preposition necessary; get to /go to /come to the station, BUT. arrive at/ reach the station)
broken watch (adjective before noun)
to tell me (to+base form = per/a scopo di)
unless I will get (1° conditional = if/unless/when + present)
such a (such a + noun; so + adjective)
I haven’t never (double negative)
l don’t like them (‘like’ + direct object)
as (as = siccome; so = quindi)
I’ve been to Madrid (use ‘been’ not ‘gone’ se sei stato e tornato)

source: 

http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/toefl_grammar.html
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEFL
http://kursusinggris.wordpress.com/keahlian-dasar-bahasa-inggris/
http://kursusinggris.wordpress.com/2011/08/26/tes-acept-error-identification-part-iii-grammar-and-structure

http://kautsarz.wordpress.com/2012/04/16/toefl-grammar-structure/